The role of vacuum-assisted mechanical thrombectomy in the management of acutely thrombosed arteriovenous fistulas and grafts.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the mechanical thrombectomy with the Indigo System in the treatment of thrombosed arteriovenous fistulas and grafts. METHODS: A retrospective search of endovascular procedures performed from November 2018 to June 2020 was conducted. Inclusion criteria were: acute arteriovenous fistula or graft thrombosis that underwent endovascular mechanical thrombectomy with Indigo System. The following information was collected from each case: sex, age, fistula modality, fistula location, treatment modality, and outcomes. Endpoints evaluated were: technical and clinical success rates; primary, assisted primary, and secondary patency rates; complication rates. RESULTS: Twenty-six mechanical thrombectomy procedures for declotting of arteriovenous fistula thrombosis, using the Indigo System, were performed in 22 patients. Technical and clinical success was achieved in 23/26 cases (88%). Mean follow-up was 9 months (range 11-539 days). The 6-month primary, primary assisted, and secondary patency rates were 71%, 86%, 93% and the 12-month primary, primary assisted, and secondary patency rates were 71%, 72%, 80%, respectively. No technical or device-related complications were observed during thrombectomy, however two venous ruptures occurred on the angioplasty of the underlying stenosis. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, vacuum-assisted thrombectomy of acutely thrombosed arteriovenous fistulas and grafts with Indigo System is safe and effective, providing good short term patency rates.

Postoperative Anticoagulation in Vascular Reconstructions Associated with Malignancies.

BACKGROUND: The invasion of truncal arteries and veins by malignant neoplasms is rare and the surgical treatment remains a challenge. Several techniques can be used to re-establish blood flow in a resected vessel and choice of the ideal vascular substitute frequently arises a debate. Comparative studies between prosthetic and autologous grafts disclose conflicting patency results. The aim of this study is to compare patency outcomes of vascular reconstructions performed using autologous or prosthetic replacement grafts in surgical oncology, in light of a standardized antithrombotic protocol used in our institution since 1997. METHODS: This retrospective study compared patency of prosthetic versus autologous interposition grafts following the resection of malignancies in 117 patients between September 1997 and February 2020. The 181 reconstruction procedures performed were analyzed according to the body segment involved, and divided into: head and neck, thorax, abdomen, and extremities. RESULTS: Overall survival estimates after 24 and 60 months were 53.2% (standard error 4.8%) and 38.1% (standard error 4.9%), respectively. No significant difference was observed between overall arterial patency, using autologous or synthetic grafts (P = 0.41). Overall venous patency showed a tendency to be lower in synthetic grafts, although no significant difference was observed (P = 0.062). For both arterial and venous reconstructions in the extremities (upper and lower limbs), significantly higher patency was observed using autologous grafts. CONCLUSIONS: Autologous long-term graft patency may be superior to prosthetic in vascular reconstructions associated with malignancies of the extremities. This outcome was obtained using a standardized post-operative anticoagulation protocol.

Is routine screening for silent pulmonary embolism justified in patients with deep vein thrombosis?

The incidence of asymptomatic pulmonary embolism (PE) exceeds 70% in patients with deep venous thrombosis (DVT), even in cases of distal deep vein thrombosis. We report the case of a patient with a diagnosis of DVT in the lower left limb associated with asymptomatic PE who presented late symptoms due to this same PE. The absence of acute symptoms and the late onset of symptoms could have provoked doubts about the most appropriate treatment, resulting in unnecessary interventions, if pulmonary embolism had not already been diagnosed with tomography. In the present case, we demonstrate that computed tomography angiography conducted at the time of DVT diagnosis accurately diagnosed PE and prevented any misinterpretation of recurrent DVT in a patient already being medicated, which could have been mistakenly interpreted as demonstrating failure of anticoagulant therapy. Such a situation could lead to unnecessary intervention to fit an inferior vena cava filter. We cannot suggest that a classic medical conduct should be reformulated simply on the basis of a case report. However, we would be remiss not to suggest that well-designed studies should be carried out in the future to assess the need for this examination in the acute phase.

A ocorrência de embolia pulmonar assintomática em pacientes com trombose venosa profunda tem uma incidência que excede 70%, mesmo nos casos de trombose venosa profunda distal. Relatamos o caso de um paciente com diagnóstico de trombose venosa profunda no membro inferior esquerdo associado a embolia pulmonar assintomática, que apresentou sintomas tardios devido a essa mesma embolia. A ausência de sintomas agudos e o surgimento de sintomas tardios pode suscitar dúvidas quanto ao tratamento mais adequado e resultar em intervenções desnecessárias, se o diagnóstico tomográfico de embolia pulmonar não tiver sido feito anteriormente. No presente caso, demonstramos que uma angiotomografia realizada no momento do diagnóstico de trombose venosa profunda detectou a embolia pulmonar e evitou uma interpretação incorreta de um evento trombótico recorrente na vigência de anticoagulação, o que por engano demonstraria uma falha na terapia anticoagulante. Essa situação pode levar a intervenções desnecessárias, como o implante de filtro de veia cava inferior. Entendemos que apenas um relato de caso não deve mudar uma conduta médica já estabelecida; no entanto, fomenta a discussão e estimula estudos que avaliem a necessidade de um exame diagnóstico pulmonar no momento do diagnóstico de trombose venosa profunda.

Isolated iliac artery aneurysm in association with congenital pelvic kidney treated with iliac branch device: case report.

BACKGROUND: Association of abdominal aortic aneurysm with congenital pelvic kidney is rare and association with isolated iliac artery aneurysm is not yet described in the literature. CASE PRESENTATION: We present a case of successful repair of an isolated common iliac artery aneurysm associated with a congenital pelvic kidney treated by an endovascular technique. A 75-year-old man was referred for the treatment of an asymptomatic left common iliac artery aneurysm. A computed tomography angiography revealed an isolated left common iliac artery aneurysm and a left pelvic kidney. The maximum diameter of the aneurysm was 32 mm. The congenital pelvic kidney was supplied by three small superior polar arteries that emerged from the proximal non-aneurysmal portion of the common iliac artery and the main artery that arose from the left internal iliac artery. The aneurysm exclusion was accomplished by using an iliac branch device (Gore Excluder Iliac Branch, Flagstaff, AZ). The 1 and 6 months computed tomography angiography after the procedure demonstrated complete exclusion of the aneurysm and preservation of all renal arteries. CONCLUSION: Treating patients with an association of iliac artery aneurysms and pelvic kidneys can be a challenge due the variable arterial anatomy. The use of iliac branch device is a safe and effective alternative in selected cases.

Trends in abdominal aortic aneurysm-related mortality in Brazil, 2000-2016: a multiple-cause-of-death study.

OBJECTIVES: Remarkable changes in the epidemiology of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) have occurred in many countries during last few decades, which have also affected Brazilian mortality concurrently. This study aimed to investigate mortality trends related to AAA mortality in Brazil from 2000 to 2016. METHODS: Annual AAA mortality data was extracted from the public databases of the Mortality Information System, and processed by the Multiple Cause Tabulator. RESULTS: In Brazil, 2000 through 2016, AAA occurred in 69,513 overall deaths; in 79.6% as underlying and in 20.4% as an associated cause of death, corresponding to rates respectively of 2.45, 1.95 and 0.50 deaths per 100,000 population; 65.4% male and 34.6% female; 60.6% in the Southeast region. The mean ages at death were 71.141 years overall, and 70.385 years and 72.573 years for men and women, respectively. Ruptured AAA occurred in 64.3% of the deaths where AAA was an underlying cause, and in 18.0% of the deaths where AAA was an associated cause. The standardized rates increased during 2000-2008, followed by a decrease during 2008-2016, resulting in an average annual percent change decline of -0.2 (confidence interval [CI], -0.5 to 0.2) for the entire 2000-2016 period. As associated causes, shock (39.2%), hemorrhages (33.0%), and hypertensive diseases (26.7%) prevailed with ruptured aneurysms, while hypertensive diseases (29.4%) were associated with unruptured aneurysms. A significant seasonal variation, highest during autumn and followed by in winter, was observed in the overall ruptured and unruptured AAA deaths. CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights the need to accurately document epidemiologic trends related to AAA in Brazil. We demonstrate the burden of AAA on mortality in older individuals, and our results may assist with effective planning of mortality prevention and control in patients with AAA.

Inferior Vena Cava Filter in Cancer Patients: On Whom Should We Be Placing Them?

BACKGROUND: Standard treatment for venous thromboembolism is anticoagulation; vena cava filter placement is an alternative in special situations. We aimed to evaluate the outcomes in patients with cancer undergoing filter placement in a cancer center during a 10-year period and assess which preoperatory variables were associated with poorer survival. METHODS: Retrospective unicenter analysis during a 10-year period was carried out in patients with cancer who had undergone placement of vena cava filter. Early deaths were those that occurred less than 30 days after the filter placement or that occurred during the same hospital stay of the placement. RESULTS: About 250 patients were analyzed. About 51.6% were females; 77.2% had proximal lower limb deep vein thrombosis; 34.8% had contraindications to anticoagulation; 32.8% presented bleeding after the onset of anticoagulation; and 18.4% had the filter implanted because they were going to undergo surgery and could not be anticoagulated immediately after. About 51.2% of the filters were removable. However, only 2 had the filter removed. About 59.2% had metastatic disease at the time of filter placement. About 31.2% fulfilled criteria for early death. Of those, 34 patients were put in palliative care after filter insertion (median, 13.5 days). Body mass index >18 kg/m2, the absence of metastatic disease, and filter placement during the same anesthesia of another surgery (especially if elective and curative) were associated with a higher chance of survival. CONCLUSIONS: Multidisciplinary evaluation (and possibly consideration for palliation) should take place before the decision to insert a vena cava filter in severe oncologic cases depending on overall status. Patients with a greater chance of survival at a 3 or 5 years interval seem to be those whose filters were placed in the perioperative context of other surgeries (specially elective and curative), who were not undernourished, and whose disease was not metastatic at that time. For patients who survived, an active investigation protocol for filter removal should be implemented.

Is routine screening for silent pulmonary embolism justified in patients with deep vein thrombosis? / Existe justificativa para o rastreio de embolia pulmonar silenciosa em pacientes com trombose venosa profunda?

Abstract The incidence of asymptomatic pulmonary embolism (PE) exceeds 70% in patients with deep venous thrombosis (DVT), even in cases of distal deep vein thrombosis. We report the case of a patient with a diagnosis of DVT in the lower left limb associated with asymptomatic PE who presented late symptoms due to this same PE. The absence of acute symptoms and the late onset of symptoms could have provoked doubts about the most appropriate treatment, resulting in unnecessary interventions, if pulmonary embolism had not already been diagnosed with tomography. In the present case, we demonstrate that computed tomography angiography conducted at the time of DVT diagnosis accurately diagnosed PE and prevented any misinterpretation of recurrent DVT in a patient already being medicated, which could have been mistakenly interpreted as demonstrating failure of anticoagulant therapy. Such a situation could lead to unnecessary intervention to fit an inferior vena cava filter. We cannot suggest that a classic medical conduct should be reformulated simply on the basis of a case report. However, we would be remiss not to suggest that well-designed studies should be carried out in the future to assess the need for this examination in the acute phase.

Resumo A ocorrência de embolia pulmonar assintomática em pacientes com trombose venosa profunda tem uma incidência que excede 70%, mesmo nos casos de trombose venosa profunda distal. Relatamos o caso de um paciente com diagnóstico de trombose venosa profunda no membro inferior esquerdo associado a embolia pulmonar assintomática, que apresentou sintomas tardios devido a essa mesma embolia. A ausência de sintomas agudos e o surgimento de sintomas tardios pode suscitar dúvidas quanto ao tratamento mais adequado e resultar em intervenções desnecessárias, se o diagnóstico tomográfico de embolia pulmonar não tiver sido feito anteriormente. No presente caso, demonstramos que uma angiotomografia realizada no momento do diagnóstico de trombose venosa profunda detectou a embolia pulmonar e evitou uma interpretação incorreta de um evento trombótico recorrente na vigência de anticoagulação, o que por engano demonstraria uma falha na terapia anticoagulante. Essa situação pode levar a intervenções desnecessárias, como o implante de filtro de veia cava inferior. Entendemos que apenas um relato de caso não deve mudar uma conduta médica já estabelecida; no entanto, fomenta a discussão e estimula estudos que avaliem a necessidade de um exame diagnóstico pulmonar no momento do diagnóstico de trombose venosa profunda.

Trends in abdominal aortic aneurysm-related mortality in Brazil, 2000-2016: a multiple-cause-of-death study

OBJECTIVES: Remarkable changes in the epidemiology of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) have occurred in many countries during last few decades, which have also affected Brazilian mortality concurrently. This study aimed to investigate mortality trends related to AAA mortality in Brazil from 2000 to 2016. METHODS: Annual AAA mortality data was extracted from the public databases of the Mortality Information System, and processed by the Multiple Cause Tabulator. RESULTS: In Brazil, 2000 through 2016, AAA occurred in 69,513 overall deaths; in 79.6% as underlying and in 20.4% as an associated cause of death, corresponding to rates respectively of 2.45, 1.95 and 0.50 deaths per 100,000 population; 65.4% male and 34.6% female; 60.6% in the Southeast region. The mean ages at death were 71.141 years overall, and 70.385 years and 72.573 years for men and women, respectively. Ruptured AAA occurred in 64.3% of the deaths where AAA was an underlying cause, and in 18.0% of the deaths where AAA was an associated cause. The standardized rates increased during 2000-2008, followed by a decrease during 2008-2016, resulting in an average annual percent change decline of -0.2 (confidence interval [CI], -0.5 to 0.2) for the entire 2000-2016 period. As associated causes, shock (39.2%), hemorrhages (33.0%), and hypertensive diseases (26.7%) prevailed with ruptured aneurysms, while hypertensive diseases (29.4%) were associated with unruptured aneurysms. A significant seasonal variation, highest during autumn and followed by in winter, was observed in the overall ruptured and unruptured AAA deaths. CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights the need to accurately document epidemiologic trends related to AAA in Brazil. We demonstrate the burden of AAA on mortality in older individuals, and our results may assist with effective planning of mortality prevention and control in patients with AAA.

An alternative approach to treatment of inferior vena cava filter perforation.

We report a case of inferior vena cava filter perforation immediately after filter implantation, recognized intraoperatively in a patient undergoing laparotomy for resection of locally advanced ovarian cancer. We describe an alternative approach with strut resection, less invasive than filter removal, enabling the device to be maintained and bleeding to be controlled.

Relatamos um caso de perfuração de veia cava inferior imediatamente após o implante de um filtro. A complicação foi reconhecida no intraoperatório de uma laparotomia para ressecção de um câncer de ovário localmente avançado. Descrevemos uma abordagem alternativa, menos invasiva do que a remoção do filtro, consistindo na ressecção das hastes do dispositivo. Essa abordagem permitiu a manutenção do filtro e o controle efetivo do sangramento.

An alternative approach to treatment of inferior vena cava filter perforation / Tratamento alternativo para perfuração de veia cava inferior por filtro

Abstract We report a case of inferior vena cava filter perforation immediately after filter implantation, recognized intraoperatively in a patient undergoing laparotomy for resection of locally advanced ovarian cancer. We describe an alternative approach with strut resection, less invasive than filter removal, enabling the device to be maintained and bleeding to be controlled.

Resumo Relatamos um caso de perfuração de veia cava inferior imediatamente após o implante de um filtro. A complicação foi reconhecida no intraoperatório de uma laparotomia para ressecção de um câncer de ovário localmente avançado. Descrevemos uma abordagem alternativa, menos invasiva do que a remoção do filtro, consistindo na ressecção das hastes do dispositivo. Essa abordagem permitiu a manutenção do filtro e o controle efetivo do sangramento.

Twenty years of experience in vascular reconstructions associated with resection of malignant neoplasms in a single cancer center.

OBJECTIVE: Vascular invasion is no longer considered to be an absolute contraindication to tumor removal, and complex reconstructions are part of the daily activity of vascular surgeons in specialized cancer centers. Our aim was to report a single-center experience of complex vascular reconstructions involving en bloc resection of tumors and patients' long-term survival and graft patency outcomes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the largest report of vascular reconstructions published to date, with the longest follow-up. METHODS: Between September 1997 and January 2016, there were 91 patients who underwent 92 arterial and 47 venous reconstruction procedures in this retrospective cohort study. Long-term survival and patency outcomes were analyzed for all study patients and individually assessed in different body segments (head and neck, thorax, upper limbs, abdomen, and lower limbs). RESULTS: The estimated mean and median follow-up times were 112.66 and 100 months, respectively. The 24- and 60-month survival estimates for the patients overall were 55.3% and 31.1%, respectively. Survival estimates were significantly lower in the head and neck cases compared with the other body segments. The primary arterial patency rates at 24 and 60 months were 96.7% and 84.9%, respectively, and they were similar in all body segments. The venous patency rates were 71.4% and 64.2% at 24 and 60 months, respectively. Seven cases (7.6%) of arterial vascular complications were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Vascular reconstruction performed in conjunction with oncologic resection is a feasible treatment option for tumors with vessel involvement. When surgery is performed in specialized centers, low perioperative morbidity and long-term patency rates are expected irrespective of the vascular territory undergoing intervention.

Comparison between Saline Solution Containing Heparin versus Saline Solution in the Lock of Totally Implantable Catheters.

BACKGROUND: There are only 3 studies comparing the efficacy of 2 different types of lock used in totally implantable catheters regarding occlusion or reflux dysfunction. The present study contains the largest published casuistry (862 patients) and is the only one that analyzes 3 parameters: occlusion, reflux dysfunction, and flow dysfunction. METHODS: This was a retrospective study of patients operated at a large oncology center and followed up in the outpatient clinic between 2007 and 2015. The patients were divided into 2 groups according to the type of lock: the Hep group (heparine), whose lock was composed of saline solution 0.9% with heparin (100 IU/mL) and the SS group (saline solution), whose lock was composed of saline solution 0.9%. RESULTS: The Hep group was composed of 270 patients (31%) and the SS group of 592 patients (69%). Regarding occlusion, there were 8 cases in the Hep group (2.96%) and 8 in the SS group (1.35%; P = 0.11); in relation to reflux dysfunction, there were 8 cases in the Hep group (2.96%) and 8 in the SS group (1.35%; P = 0.11); in relation to flow dysfunction, there was 1 case in the Hep group (0.37%) and 4 cases in the SS group (0.68%; P = 1). CONCLUSIONS: There was no statistically significant difference between the groups regarding occlusion, reflux dysfunction, and flow dysfunction.

Oral Rivaroxaban for the Treatment of Symptomatic Venous Thromboembolism in 400 Patients With Active Cancer: A Single-Center Experience.

PURPOSE: To study the safety and efficacy of rivaroxaban-a direct oral anticoagulant-use in patients with active cancer and venous thromboembolism (VTE). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Retrospective cohort study of 400 patients with active cancer and associated VTE, defined as deep venous thrombosis and/or pulmonary embolism. This single-center study was carried out from January 2012 to June 2015. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy and safety, using the incidence of recurrent symptomatic VTE and major bleeding, respectively, throughout the treatment with rivaroxaban. RESULTS: Of the 400 patients enrolled, 223 (55.8%) were female. A total of 362 (90.5%) patients had solid tumors and 244 (61%) had metastatic disease. A total of 302 (75.5%) received initial parenteral therapy with enoxaparin (median: 3, mean: 5.6, standard deviation [SD]: 6.4 days) followed by rivaroxaban. Ninety-eight patients (24.5%) were treated with on label rivaroxaban treatment. Recurrence rates were 3.25% with major bleeding occurring in 5.5% during the anticoagulant therapy (median: 118, mean: 163.9, SD: 159.9 days). CONCLUSION: Rivaroxaban can be an attractive alternative for the treatment of cancer-associated thrombosis.

Brachial insertion of fully implantable venous catheters for chemotherapy: complications and quality of life assessment in 35 patients / Inserção braquial de cateteres venosos totalmente implantáveis para quimioterapia: complicações e avaliação da qualidade de vida em 35 pacientes

ABSTRACT Objective To prospectively evaluate the perioperative safety, early complications and satisfaction of patients who underwent the implantation of central catheters peripherally inserted via basilic vein. Methods Thirty-five consecutive patients with active oncologic disease requiring chemotherapy were prospectively followed up after undergoing peripheral implantation of indwelling venous catheters, between November 2013 and June 2014. The procedures were performed in the operating room by the same team of three vascular surgeons. The primary endpoints assessed were early postoperative complications, occurring within 30 days after implantation. The evaluation of patient satisfaction was based on a specific questionnaire used in previous studies. Results In all cases, ultrasound-guided puncture of the basilic vein was feasible and the procedure successfully completed. Early complications included one case of basilic vein thrombophlebitis and one case of pocket infection that did not require device removal. Out of 35 patients interviewed, 33 (94.3%) would recommend the device to other patients. Conclusion Implanting brachial ports is a feasible option, with low intraoperative risk and similar rates of early postoperative complications when compared to the existing data of the conventional technique. The patients studied were satisfied with the device and would recommend the procedure to others.

RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar prospectivamente segurança perioperatória, complicações precoces e grau de satisfação de pacientes submetidos ao implante de cateteres centrais de inserção periférica pela veia basílica. Métodos Foram acompanhados prospectivamente e submetidos ao implante de cateteres de longa permanência de inserção periférica, entre novembro de 2013 e junho de 2014, 35 pacientes consecutivos com doença oncológica ativa necessitando de quimioterapia. Os procedimentos foram realizados em centro cirúrgico por uma mesma equipe composta por três cirurgiões vasculares. Os desfechos primários avaliados foram as complicações pós-operatórias precoces, ocorridas em até 30 dias após o implante. A avaliação do grau de satisfação foi realizada com base na aplicação de um questionário específico já utilizado em estudos prévios. Resultados Em todos os casos, a punção ecoguiada da veia basílica foi possível, e o procedimento foi concluído com sucesso. As complicações precoces observadas incluíram um caso de tromboflebite de basílica e um de infecção de bolsa, ambos tratados clinicamente sem necessidade de retirada do dispositivo. Dos 35 pacientes interrogados, 33 (94,3%) recomendariam o dispositivo para outras pessoas. Conclusão A implantação do port braquial é uma opção factível, com baixo risco intraoperatório e taxas semelhantes de complicações pós-operatórias imediatas quando comparada a dados já existentes da técnica convencional. Os pacientes estudados apresentaram-se satisfeitos com o dispositivo e recomendariam o procedimento para outras pessoas.

Enoxaparin Treatment Followed by Rivaroxaban for the Treatment of Acute Lower Limb Venous Thromboembolism: Initial Experience in a Single Center.

Rivaroxaban is a target-specific oral anticoagulant approved for the treatment of venous thromboembolism (VTE). On its major clinical trials, treatment was initiated directly with a 3-week dose of oral 15 mg twice daily followed by 20 mg every day for at least 3 months. We retrospectively evaluated an initial therapy for confirmed VTE with 1 to 18 days of enoxaparin (1 mg/kg twice daily parenteral) followed by oral rivaroxaban 20 mg every day. Of 49 patients, we found no symptomatic recurrence, no major bleeding, and only 1 clinically relevant nonmajor bleeding. We concluded in this pilot study that it is safe and effective to treat patients with enoxaparin course followed directly by a dose of 20 mg of rivaroxaban.

Rediscussing Anticoagulation in Distal Deep Venous Thrombosis.

BACKGROUND: Distal deep venous thrombosis (DVT) accounts for approximately half of all the cases of lower limb thrombosis. The impact and management of this condition is still controversial. This study aims to evaluate the incidence of pulmonary embolism (PE) in patients with distal DVT in comparison to proximal DVT and evaluate the correlation between DVT and PE extension. METHODS: 100 patients with acute lower limb DVT diagnosed with whole leg Doppler ultrasound from January 2006 to December 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. Active investigation for PE was carried out in all patients using multislice computed tomography angiography. Classification of DVT and PE was based on the proximal extension of the thrombus. RESULTS: The overall incidence of PE in our sample patients was 72%. In the subgroup analysis, incidence of PE was equal in both the proximal and distal DVT groups (77%, p > 0.99). PE was detected in 43% of the patients with isolated calf vein thrombosis (ICVT). No statistical difference was observed between the distribution of lobar, segmental and subsegmental PE in the 3 DVT subgroups (p = 0.665); however, truncular PE was only observed in the proximal DVT group. CONCLUSION: Distal DVT is associated with a high incidence of PE compared to proximal DVT. Distal DVT and ICVT can provoke PE with involvement of proximal vessels in the pulmonary arterial tree, even in asymptomatic patients. Our study arises discussion in the controversial debate regarding the need for routine anticoagulation in distal DVT.

Brachial insertion of fully implantable venous catheters for chemotherapy: complications and quality of life assessment in 35 patients.

OBJECTIVE: To prospectively evaluate the perioperative safety, early complications and satisfaction of patients who underwent the implantation of central catheters peripherally inserted via basilic vein. METHODS: Thirty-five consecutive patients with active oncologic disease requiring chemotherapy were prospectively followed up after undergoing peripheral implantation of indwelling venous catheters, between November 2013 and June 2014. The procedures were performed in the operating room by the same team of three vascular surgeons. The primary endpoints assessed were early postoperative complications, occurring within 30 days after implantation. The evaluation of patient satisfaction was based on a specific questionnaire used in previous studies. RESULTS: In all cases, ultrasound-guided puncture of the basilic vein was feasible and the procedure successfully completed. Early complications included one case of basilic vein thrombophlebitis and one case of pocket infection that did not require device removal. Out of 35 patients interviewed, 33 (94.3%) would recommend the device to other patients. CONCLUSION: Implanting brachial ports is a feasible option, with low intraoperative risk and similar rates of early postoperative complications when compared to the existing data of the conventional technique. The patients studied were satisfied with the device and would recommend the procedure to others. OBJETIVO: Avaliar prospectivamente segurança perioperatória, complicações precoces e grau de satisfação de pacientes submetidos ao implante de cateteres centrais de inserção periférica pela veia basílica. MÉTODOS: Foram acompanhados prospectivamente e submetidos ao implante de cateteres de longa permanência de inserção periférica, entre novembro de 2013 e junho de 2014, 35 pacientes consecutivos com doença oncológica ativa necessitando de quimioterapia. Os procedimentos foram realizados em centro cirúrgico por uma mesma equipe composta por três cirurgiões vasculares. Os desfechos primários avaliados foram as complicações pós-operatórias precoces, ocorridas em até 30 dias após o implante. A avaliação do grau de satisfação foi realizada com base na aplicação de um questionário específico já utilizado em estudos prévios. RESULTADOS: Em todos os casos, a punção ecoguiada da veia basílica foi possível, e o procedimento foi concluído com sucesso. As complicações precoces observadas incluíram um caso de tromboflebite de basílica e um de infecção de bolsa, ambos tratados clinicamente sem necessidade de retirada do dispositivo. Dos 35 pacientes interrogados, 33 (94,3%) recomendariam o dispositivo para outras pessoas. CONCLUSÃO: A implantação do port braquial é uma opção factível, com baixo risco intraoperatório e taxas semelhantes de complicações pós-operatórias imediatas quando comparada a dados já existentes da técnica convencional. Os pacientes estudados apresentaram-se satisfeitos com o dispositivo e recomendariam o procedimento para outras pessoas.

Treatment of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms in Cancer Patients.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to analyze the outcomes of oncologic patients with associated aneurysm of the abdominal aorta (AAA), treated at a specialized cancer (Ca) hospital more than a 10-year period. METHODS: This was a retrospective study, and the data were obtained from our institution's prospective database. Between September 2003 and 2013, a total of 36 consecutive patients with AAA in association with Ca underwent surgical repair. Of these, 9 patients were excluded because the Ca treatment was performed at another service. Most of the patients were male (22) and the most frequent form of neoplasia was prostate Ca. Surgery for AAA repair was performed after the Ca treatment in 19 cases, before Ca treatment in 7 cases and concomitantly in 1 case. The intraoperative characteristics, treatment technique used, complications, patients' clinical evolution, and survival outcomes were analyzed. RESULTS: Endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) was used in 19 cases (70.4%) and conventional open repair (OR) in 8 cases (29.6%). Surgical treatment was uneventful in 19 cases, however, when present, postoperative complications occurred more frequently with EVAR (36.84% vs. 12.5%). There were no cases of death related to the aneurysm surgery. Most of the patients in both groups were alive at the end of the study. The probability of survival in our study was 65.8% at 3 years and 53% at 5 years, with no statistically significant difference between the EVAR and OR groups. The main cause of death was progression of the neoplastic disease. CONCLUSIONS: Patients who present Ca in association with AAA benefit from surgical treatment of both conditions, simultaneously or not. In these cases, it is important for the treatment to be individualized, and the disease of greater severity should be treated first. The endovascular and conventional open techniques were shown to be equivalent.

Surgical outcomes of vascular reconstruction in soft tissue sarcomas of the lower extremities.

BACKGROUND: Limb-sparing procedures are currently considered the standard treatment for lower limb soft tissue sarcoma (STS). Surgical excision combined with vascular resection may be necessary to provide an adequate safety margin and to improve the oncologic outcomes. In this scenario, vascular reconstruction is required to preserve limb function. We evaluated the long-term patency and survival outcomes of arterial and venous reconstruction after resecting lower limb STS in the largest single-center case series to date. METHODS: Between November 1995 and July 2014, 25 patients with lower limb STS and vascular invasion underwent surgical resection followed by arterial or venous reconstruction. Patients were followed up at regular outpatient visits, at which clinical examinations and duplex ultrasound mapping were performed to assess graft patency. RESULTS: A total of 44 revascularization procedures were performed. The median follow-up time for the arterial and venous groups combined was 25.2 months (range, 0.26-225.6 months). The 5-year survival probability was 42.1%. The graft occlusion rate was significantly higher after reconstruction with synthetic grafts than after reconstruction with saphenous vein substitutes (P = .02). The occlusion rate was not significantly different between arterial reconstruction and venous reconstruction (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS: Arterial and venous reconstruction is feasible after surgical resection of lower limb STS. Vascular reconstruction provides favorable long-term patency outcomes and low complication rates, allowing limb preservation and disease control in a select group of patients. Vascular reconstruction using venous grafts had a significantly higher patency rate than reconstruction with artificial venous substitutes.

Long-term results of the use of oxybutynin for the treatment of plantar hyperhidrosis.

BACKGROUND: Plantar hyperhidrosis is a common illness with significant impact on quality of life. Oxybutynin presents good short-term results, but longer follow-up results are lacking. We evaluated oxybutynin effectiveness in patients who were not surgically treated and who had at least six months of follow-up. METHODS: From September 2007 to September 2013, 85 consecutive patients were enrolled in our institutional protocol for the "pharmacological-first" treatment of primary plantar hyperhidrosis with oxybutynin. Eight patients were lost to follow-up, 15 patients have not yet been under treatment for six months, and data were available for 39 patients (all female) treated for at least six months. Data at the start of the protocol, six weeks after beginning treatment, and at their final visit were analyzed. RESULTS: Twenty-three of the 77 patients (29.87%) did not improve after pharmacological therapy. From the 39 patients with more than six months of follow-up (median 16.9 months, range 9-71), 79.5% reported moderate/great improvement in excessive plantar sweating after six weeks of treatment, and this rate increased to 84.7% in the last follow-up visit; 82.85% showed improvement in other sites presenting hyperhidrosis. Dry mouth was the most common side effect; 51.6% of patients reported it to be moderate/severe at the last visit. CONCLUSION: In patients with good initial response to oxybutynin, more than 82% presented moderate or great improvement in plantar and other sites' excessive sweating; dry mouth was the most common side effect but was tolerable and did not lead any patient to interrupt treatment.